The National Museum of Taiwan Literature (NMTL; Chinese: 國立臺灣文學館; pinyin: Guólì Táiwān Wénxuéguǎn) is a museum located in Tainan, Taiwan. Operated by Taiwan's Ministry of Culture, the museum researches, catalogs, preserves, and exhibits literary artifacts, and is also the first national literature museum in Taiwan. As part of its multilingual, multi-ethnic focus, it holds a large collection of local works in Taiwanese, Japanese, Mandarin and Classical Chinese.

It was planned as a national-level organization to fill in a long-perceived gap in how modern Taiwanese institutions had handled Taiwanese literature as a field of academic inquiry and popular discourse. Tainan was chosen for its historical significance as a cultural center.

As of May 2023, it houses a collection of approximately 130,000 items. Formerly the Tainan Prefectural Hall, the museum was repurposed as the venue for the National Museum of Taiwan Literature in Jan. 2003, marking an important case of "historical building reuse" in official architecture in Taiwan. On November 10 of the same year, it was officially designated as a national historic site.